Mercedes Benz of U.S.A “The Best or Nothing”- Mercedes Benz Essay

Mercedes Benz is one of the most recognizable names in the world. If you mention car, luxury, dependable, performance and â€Å"The Best or Nothing†, the first name it comes on your mind is Mercedes Benz. History of Mercedes Benz is the greatest out there, but I am going to focus on the Mercedes Benz USA, also known as MBUSA. MBUSA is a division responsible for distribution and marketing of Mercedes Benz products in the U. S. The headquarters of MBUSA are in Montvale, New Jersey. There are two dealership locations of MBUSA in northeast Ohio, one in Willoughby and the other one in Bedford. Also included in their division are Maybach, Smart and Sprinter. Although founded in 1965, MBUSA started importing Mercedes Benz in 1952, and the iconic car that started it all was 300SL Gullwing. It was founded under Max Hoffman; the current CEO of MBUSA is Steve Cannon. Other key personnel at MBUSA are Harald Henn CFO and VP, Inigo Mazquiaran GM of Corporate Finance and Joachim Schmidt Executive Vice President of Sales & Marketing for Mercedes-Benz. Over the following years, MBUSA grew into a nationwide organization, now employing over 1500 people. The company also has 356 associated dealerships that employ 21,500 people themselves. MBUSA operates in the Car Dealership industry, in the distribution and marketing division of car sales industry to be more specific. With 305,072 passenger vehicles sold in the U. S. in 2012. SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Mercedes Benz has a strong brand value and global leader in premium cars 2. Leader in innovation i. e. 1st to introduce diesel engines, fuel injection and anti-locking brakes Weaknesses: 1. High maintenance cost of Mercedes Benz car 2. High prices compared to competition Opportunities: 1. Developing hybrid cars and fuel efficient cars for the future 2. Fast growing luxury automobile market & increased income Threats: 1. Ever increasing fuel prices 2. Intense competition from global automobile brands

Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes

A. P. U. S. History Notes Chapter 1: â€Å"New World Beginnings† Summary: 225 million years ago, Earth was one supercontinent (Pangaea) and ocean. About 10 million years ago, the North America that we know today was formed (geographical shape). The first discoverers of North America were nomadic Asians who wandered over here by way of an exposed land bridge from Russia to Alaska during the Ice Age. Though they were hunters at first, by 5000 BC, they had become hunter-gatherers with a diet of basically corn. Great pre-European Indian cultures included the Pueblos, the Iroquois, the Mound Builders, the Mayans, the Incas, the Aztec, and the Sioux, among others (map of tribes on pg. 8). The Indians revered nature and land, and didn’t carelessly destroy it. Everything was put to use. In 1000 AD, Vikings discovered Newfoundland, but later abandoned it due to unfavorable conditions. Europeans, though, slowly began to proliferate into non-European worlds starting around the 1400s. After Marco Polo came back with stories of China and its riches, Europeans began to explore. First, they set up settlements in Africa, near the coast, where they used African slaves to work on plantations. In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India, opening a sea route to the Far East. Complications and dangers of this eastern sea route influenced Christopher Columbus to sail west. In doing so, he inadvertently discovered the Americas, though he never knew it. The Portuguese were first to settle in America, but the Spanish later became the dominant nation in the Americas. Spanish Conquistadores swept through Latin and South America, destroying the Aztecs and the Incas. Meanwhile, Magellan’s crew sailed around the world in 1519, becoming the first voyage to do so. As the chapter ended, Spain was very much in control of much of the Americas, though other countries were beginning to challenge the Spanish dominance. Important People: The Aztecs- Native Americans who that lived in what is now Mexico and routinely offered their gods human sacrifices, these people were violent, yet built amazing pyramids and built a great civilization without having a wheel. The Mound Builders- Indians of the Ohio River Valley. The Mississippian settlement- At Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Illionis, was home to about 40,000 people in at 1100 A. D. Hiawatha- This was legendary leader who inspired the Iroquois, a powerful group of Native Americans in the northeaster woodlands of the U. S. The Norse- These Vikings discovered America in about 1000 A. D. , when they discovered modern-day Newfoundland. They abandoned it later due to bad conditions. Marco Polo- Italian adventurer who supposedly sailed to the Far East (China) in 1295 and returned with stories and supplies of the Asian life there (silk, pearls, etc†¦) Bartholomeu Dias- A Portuguese sailor, he was the first to round the southernmost tip of Africa, a feat he did in 1488. Vasco da Gama- In 1498, he reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile- The wedded king and queen of Spain, their marriage united the previously non-existing country. Christopher Columbus- An Italian seafarer who persuaded Spain to give him three ships for which to sail west to look for a better route to India, he â€Å"discovered† America in 1492 Vasco Nunez Balboa- Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Ferdinand Magellan- In 1519, his crew began a voyage and eventually ended up becoming the first to circumnavigate the world, even though he died in the Philippines. The sole surviving ship returned to Europe in 1522. Ponce de Leon- In 1513 and 1521, this Spanish Explorer explored Florida, searching for gold (contrary to the myth of his seeking the â€Å"Fountain of Youth†). Francisco Coronado- From 1540 to 1542, he explored the pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico, penetrating as far east as Kansas. He also discovered the Grand Canyon and enormous herds of bison. Hernando de Soto- From 1539 to 1542, he explored Florida and crossed the Mississippi River. He brutally abused Indians and died of fever and battle wounds. Francisco Pizarro- In 1532, he crushed the Incas of Peru and got lots of bounty. Bartolome de Las Casas- A Spanish missionary who was appalled by the method of encomienda, calling it â€Å"a moral pestilence invented by Satan. † Hernan Cortes- Annihilator of the Aztec in 1519. Malinche- A female Indian slave who knew Mayan and Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec. Montezuma- The leader of the Aztecs at the time of Cortes’ invasion who believed that Cortes was the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl. Giovanni Caboto- AKA John Cabot, he explored the northeastern coaster of North America in 1497-98. Giovanni da Verranzo- An Italian explorer dispatched by the French king in 1524 to probe the eastern seaboard of U. S. Don Juan de Onate- Leader of a Spanish group that traversed parts of Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in 1598, he and his men proclaimed the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital, Santa Fe. Robert de La Salle- Sent by the French, he went on an expedition down the Mississippi in the 1680s. Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo- He explored the California coast in 1542 but failed to find anything of interest. Father Junipero Serra- The Spanish missionary who founded 21 missions in California, in 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first of the chain. Key Terms & Words, etc†¦: maize- the Indian word for corn Conquistadores – the Spanish word for â€Å"conqueror,† these explorers claimed much of America for Spain, slaughtering millions of natives in the process encomienda- a euphemism for slavery in which Indians were given to colonists to be â€Å"Christianized. † Dia de la Raza- Spanish for Columbus Day. Lake Bonneville- massive prehistoric lake, all of which remains today in the form of the Great Salt Lake. Treaty of Tordesillas- treaty that settled Spanish and Portuguese differences in the Americas, Portugal got modern-day Brazil; Spain got the rest. Pope’s Rebellion- revolt in which Indians took over New Mexico and held control for nearly half a century. Places and Countries: Timbuktu- Capital of the West African kingdom of Mali, a place located in the Niger River Valley. Madeira, the Canaries, Sao Tome, Pricipe- Areas where sugar plantations were established by Portugal then Spain where African slaves were forced to work. Potosi- A rich silver mine in Bolivia that enriched Spain with lots of wealth. Timeline: |c. 33,000 – 8000 BC |First humans come to Americas from land bridge connecting Asia and Alaska. | |c. 5000 BC |Corn is developed as a stable crop in highland Mexico. | |c. 4000 BC |First civilized societies develop in the Middle East. | |c. 1200 BC |Corn planting reaches present-day American Southwest. | |c. 1000 AD |Norse voyagers discover and briefly settle in Newfoundland (Vinland). | | |Also, corn cultivation reaches Midwest and southeaster Atlantic seaboard. | |c. 100 AD |Height of Mississippian settlement at Cahokia | |c. 1100 – 1300 |Christian crusades arouse European interest in the East. | |1295 |Marco Polo returns to Europe from Asia. | |Late 1400s |Spain unites. | |1488 |Diaz rounds the southern tip of Africa. | |1492 |Columbus land in the Bahamas. | |1494 |Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal. | |1498 |da Gama reaches India. | |Cabot explores northeastern coast of North America for England. | |1513 |Balboa claims all lands touched by the Pacific Ocean for Spain. | |1513 & 1521 |Ponce de Leon explores Florida. | |1519 – 1521 |Cortes conquers Mexico for Spain, defeating the Aztecs. | |1522 |Magellan’s crew completes circumnavigation of the world. | |1524 |Verrazano explores eastern seaboard of Norh America for France. | |1532 |Pizarro crushes the Incas. |1534 |Cartier journeys up the St. Lawrence River. | |1539 – 1542 |de Soto explores the Southeast and discoveres the Mississippi River. | |1540 – 1542 |Coronado explores present-day Southwest | |1542 |Cabrillo explores California coast for Spain. | |1565 |Spanish build fortress at St. Augustine. | |Late 1500s |Iroquois Confederacy founded (according to Iroquois legend) | |c. 598 – 1609 |Spanish under Onate conquer Pueblo peoples of Rio Grande Valley. | |1609 |Spanish found New Mexico. | |1680 |Pope’s rebellion of New Mexico. | |1680s |French expedition down Mississippi River under La Salle | |1769 |Father Junipero Serra fo unds Mission San Diego, in California. | Makers of America: – Conquistadores included Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Aztecs and the Incas respectively. Within half a century of Columbus’ â€Å"discovery† of America, they had claimed, for Spain, territory that stretched form Colorado to Argentina. – They spread from Cuba through Mexico and from Panama, south through Peru. – As the Spanish crown tightened its grip on its colonies, though, the conquistadors lost more and more power. – Most of them never achieved their dreams of glory, though a few received royal titles. – Many of them married Indian women, creating a new class of people called mestizos. – The mestizos formed a bridge between Latin America’s Indian and European races.

Fin Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fin Project - Essay Example The QFMA Code encourages companies to consider and implement voluntarily the appropriate policies, about the companys circumstances, even though the Code is not prescriptive yet. The article mainly aims to compare the QFMA Code with the international benchmark of the Principles of Corporate Governance of the OECD of 2004, so as to develop recommendation to the on how the QFMA can strengthen their corporate governance framework. The article first looks at a brief overview of the QFMA Codes. This is done with respect to the major issues of the duties of the director, mechanisms of control, rights of the shareholders, disclosures, compliance and corporate governance. The benchmarks in the OECD Principles are used to compare these key areas. Finally, the article looks at the recommendations about how the QFMA can be able to meet the set standards by the OECD Principal, and help in strengthening the corporate governance framework of the Qatari (Zain, 2011). Corporate governance can be dated back to the 19th Century when there was the introduction of the agency theory on the background of public corporations. There was a great need to separate functions from those functions of the owners and maintain some control over management performance (Gregary, 2000). Corporate governance encompasses the mechanism of control for a business that is organized in a limited liability corporate. Other people consider corporate governance to be a set of rules, regulations and voluntary practices that are aimed at resulting in the best performance by humans and maximizing the entitys net worth through securing and safeguarding its interests (Chee, 2002). Various scholars have overviewed different theoretical perspectives on corporate governance and further elaborated within various domains (Kirkpatrick, 2005). All this results from the corporate governance ground and its

Astrology and Scientific Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astrology and Scientific Method - Essay Example For instance, in much of the world winter months are much colder and have much less daylight than Summer months, so it could be that babies who are first learning to walk and experience the world in June, when they can go outside and experience a great deal of sunlight, open spaces and so on, might generally have a different makeup from babies who are at that stage of their development in December, when they have little daylight and no open spaces. This could lead to their being a general difference in character between people born in December and those born in June, but would obviously be heavily related to how fast someone develops, the climate they live in and so on. And so far, there is very little reason to suspect this is true. The scientific method is one of the most important ways of understanding the world that humans have. Its basic idea is that you create a hypothesis, for instance, objects with mass attract each other. Then you perform experiments, and see if the results match or do not match your hypothesis. Using that example, if you drop a ball and it falls, it confirms the hypothesis, but if it does not then it denies it. One of the most important things about the scientific process it that any rule must be true one hundred percent of the time – if a ball ever just hovers in the air when dropped, one would have to re-think gravity. Things must also be repeatable – another person must be able to conduct the same experiment and get the same result. Astrology fails these tests in many ways – firstly, no astrologer would ever tell you that their horoscopes are true for every single person born under that sign every time a horoscope is published. Furthermore, astrology is not base d on observation of things that occur in the real world, nor does it use experiments to see if its finding are accurate. In light of everything I have learned about astrology, I would say that the line from â€Å"Julius

Implications of Differences in National Culture for International Assignment

Implications of Differences in National Culture for International Business - Assignment Example Due to the tight spot that is progressively afflicting the large global companies, international business ethics has ascended to facilitate in attending to these oppressive subject issues. International business ethics makes an effort to contend with inquiries of what to accomplish in circumstances where ethical morals are scrapped and become at odds in consequence of different and, oftentimes, opposing cultural practices. Negotiations in the international business platform can be deliberated from a wide or a restricted sense: negotiations in a wide sense comprise nearly all, if not all, forms of "consultation, communication, discussion, exchanging of views, reaching a consensus, and formal negotiations" (Chang, 2006). Those which are in a restricted sense comprise the undertakings that are accomplished in locations that are openly or officially arranged for negotiations (Chang, 2006). The academic sphere of discussions gained differing stance towards the relationship between culture s and the manners of negotiations. A few people are certain about the fact that negotiations have turned out to be a collective and shared behavior, and notwithstanding the cultural upbringings of those involved in the negotiations, and in the international business in general, the manner of negotiations is achieved inside the pre-set structure. Nevertheless, there are still those who are positive about the fact that negotiations in different nations are divergent from each other in that they manifest manifold and, more often, conflicting forms, and are basically diverse. To a wide-ranging expanse, varying cultural backgrounds result in varying kinds of organizations. This relationship is not complete and conclusive, nonetheless, and labeling, categorizing should be evaded (Liu, 1996). To appreciate the influence of national cultural difference on multinational business and negotiations, as well as in terms of the decision making process, a multi-cultural study and the varying natio nal cultural strengths and weaknesses can be employed in order to project a differing countries’ potential behaviours in negotiation process, and to recognize the cultural factors that may impact the decision making process (Chang, 2006). It is normally considered that multicultural investigations are concentrated on particular occurrences and deliberate the parallels and differences among countries. While this type of investigation may have limited potential in terms of the selected nations or particular behaviors on international business negotiations, it remains to hold a considerable importance in terms of facilitating individuals to understand business negotiations in a global perspective considering that it touches on different values, behaviors, and decision-making models of individuals coming from different nations (Ghemawat & Reiche, 2011). For instance, China and the United States have absolutely varying styles in carrying out a negotiation owing to: (1) Americans h ave diverse personalities in so far as the geographical divisions of Americans are concerned: â€Å"southern, eastern, and western regions are like different worlds† (Chang, 2006), as compared to (2) China’s extremely analogous, communism-inspired personality traits. National Cultural Differences and International Business Negotiations Regardless of the nature of the discussion of the personality traits as influenced by one's national culture, it is quite thought-provoking and challenging to profoundly comprehend and figure out international business negotiations considering that it involves manifold complex factors.

Articles annotation Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Articles annotation - Annotated Bibliography Example The results indicate that â€Å"within the EFL context in the current Chinese cultural environment, integration may not be a significant factor in motivating language learning effort† (Chen, Warden, & Chang, 2005, p. 622). The importance of incorporating cultural norms and values in the motivational process is deemed crucial for these factors to work and be considered effective in the given situation. The study conducted by Yihong, et.al. (2007) enumerated seven motivation types: â€Å"intrinsic interest, immediate achievement, individual development, information medium, going abroad, social responsibility, and learning situation (p. 133) where â€Å"intrinsic interest was correlated with productive and additive changes, individual development with self-confidence change, social responsibility with productive and split changes† (Yihong, Yuan, Ying, & Yan, 2007, p. 133). The value of the author’s findings is emphasized in terms of focusing both on the language and the learner to enhance the learning process. positive attitudes toward the language and expectations of success were maintained over the period, whereas their attitudes toward the experience of formal learning tended to deteriorate† (Lamb, 2008, p. 1). Several teaching interventions were suggested such as provision of simpler examples, giving positive feedback, and encouraging students to explore other alternative possibilities to enhance learning skills in the English

Principles of Employment Relations in Australia Essay

Principles of Employment Relations in Australia - Essay Example Over the past about twenty years, many nations have experienced a wide spread change and as such, the current theories are not a clear conceptual lens of understanding these changes. Australia has also experienced these changes since 1983. Industrial relations researchers have been doing a wonderful job in this sector, making critical observation like the transformation that has been experienced over the past 20 years or so. The theories of the Industrial relations are connected to the real world as they attempt to find logic from the natural human social behaviour and help to comprehend the consistent human real life activities (Allan et al 2008). Each human activity is identified in terms of theory, social context, experience and practice. Theories are perceived differently in the real life situation implying that these could be very different circumstances for instance the work of a shop Stewart and a human resource manager. Basically there are five main theories of industrial relations that have been explained by Industrial relations researchers (Allan et al 2008). These theories include Unitary, Conflict, Systems, and social action. Under this theory, an organization or a firm is v... The organizations management team and the workforce work together to meet the same goals and mutual respect and cooperation are emphasized here (Allan et al 2008). The main feature of this theory is the common purpose that the management and staff work to meet and the mutual cooperation that is emphasised in meeting these objectives. The stronghold of this theory is the fact that the trade union can be rendered useless as the organization has already established loyalty between workers and itself and this relationship is mutually exclusive. The whole industry is visualised as one and not as two sides where any conflict is treated as a disruptive and a consequence of agitators, poor communication and interpersonal problems. The organization is integrated in one harmonious firm and each worker identifies with the common organizational goal. There is not conflict of interest as the owners of capital are partners for effective production, good salaries and wages and good profits as well (Alexander et al 2008) Such kinds of operations have weaknesses in that, the workforce cannot challenge the managers' decision and trade unions are perceived as intruders to the existing unity and organizational structure. The existing trade unions become competitors to the workers loyalty. Unitary theory does not appreciate conflict as this is perceived as interpersonal friction, incitation, failure to understand communality and faulty communication (Allan et al 2008). Neo unitarism is a variant of the unitary theory (unitarism); this theory gets the workers to provide better production by human resource management tactics. Conflict Theory Many scholars believe that the theory of conflict bases its roots on the beliefs of Karl Marx and his Marxism theory. This theory

Main principles of industrial revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Main principles of industrial revolution - Essay Example According to North, "institutions change shapes the way societies evolve through time and hence is the key to understanding historical change"(1990:vii, 3). Poor economic performance is the result of inefficient institutional structures. The difference growth rates among nations are the result of different types of societal rules that nations have. The great progress made by England compared to Spain is the different institutional structure of the two countries. Spain adopted a conquest strategy while England used a commerce strategy. However, there are some who consider North's emphasis on the importance of institutions too naive. According to Donald Snooks, what determines the industrial climate and economic growth is not the institutions but individuals who are capable of making decisions (292). Ideal institutional framework alone cannot achieve success in economic progress. There should be the apt technology for the success of any economic revolution. The Industrial revolution in England was fuelled by great technological change. This may be called the dynamic strategy of technological change. The growth that England showed in the middle ages was slowly losing the impetus by the 16th century and resulted in gradualism. This continued for many more years and the English economy stagnated in the early 1700(Wringley, 1994:32). Only a big push could save the country from financial ruins. Luckily for England a combination of Technological strides coupled with matching strength of institutions came to the rescue of the nation. The commercial change of the industrial transformation was not connected with England alone. Even France was an ideal soil for a change. Certain combination of factors in England made it a possibility. A major chunk of these were technological leaps that England had made. The adequate institutions that England evolved were also a major factor. Transportation in England had the support of the railways and steam engines. Further steam engines reduced human factor in industry. The global markets became accessible due to navigation. England replaced the institution of regulation and encouraged the climate of competition. The central factor in the success of Industrial Revolution was the cheaper method of manufacturing products and cheaper ways of transporting them across the globe. There was adequate institutional support for these activities. The technology strategy replaced the need to conquer others and resulted in the realization that colonies are not necessary for economic growth but countries capable of entering into trade relations. Early in history England realized that economic growth is possible only if individuals worked through market. This realization helped England to form institutions based on laissez-faire policy. The English institutions were the individuals working through market. This resulted in legal system that protected the rights of the individual and private property. The political system gave enterprising individuals the chance to defend their sources of wealth. The educations system provided the skills required for cheaper production. In brief the system followed in Englan d for technological transformation was a system of freely operating market that gave the individual the ability to take decisions. So for the private individual to maximize returns on

Human Resource of Google Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource of Google Inc - Research Paper Example Google Inc. is a technology company focused on improving the way people connect with information. Google Inc. was founded in 1998 by two students from Stanford University, Larry Page, and Sergey Brin. They turned Google Inc. into a global technology leader, overruling its international competitors in providing search engines like Yahoo, Gmail, Baidu, and Microsoft. The Organization mission is, â€Å"To organize the world`s information and make it universally accessible and useful†. Several goals have been setup to help in the company`s growth; the company plans to advance infrastructure so as to make their engineers more productive, to be the best search company in the world, to make sure that their tools are running everywhere and to focus on innovation. The company`s culture is entirely made by the people in it. They focus on hiring smart, determined people with experience. However, googlers share acceptable goals and mission for the organization and speak multiple languages, this reflects the kind of audience they serve. The organization strives to maintain an open-culture, but there are establishments associated with this culture, in which everyone is a contributor and there is freedom of opinion, and idea sharing. Researchers have the liberty to directly ask the founders, Larry &Sergey, questions about any company issues. The offices are setup to encourage interaction among the googlers and others. Google`s plan for the environment is to invest in a clean energy corporation, which uses kites to trap wind power., and they plan to invest largely on renewable sources that generate more electricity. Google Inc. operates enormous data centers around the world that uses a great deal of power, their primary concern is to search data fast, which means a lot of energy burns. Google infrastructure sends data from data that answers fast, nevertheless the system minimizes delays that raise energy consumption. If a Google employee dies his/her spouse gets half of his/her salaries for the next 10 years, new policies have been introduced to cater for widowers of Google employees. No administration is required to receive this benefit, and everyone is eligible to receive these benefits, regardless of how long they have worked in Google. Other than the half salary, the spouse receives stock benefits and the children receive $1,000 per month until they turn 19(Love, Business Insider, 2012). These benefits also apply to same sex couples. These benefits show that the Human Resource is concerned, not only about its employee, but also about the employees’ family. Expectant mothers and husbands also have benefits like: 18weeks maternity leave and 6 weeks paternity

ERP Implementation and Readiness Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ERP Implementation and Readiness Process - Essay Example tegic plan that provides the context and the reasons for implementing the ERP, it proceeds to the readiness assessment, vendor selection and solution implementation; and ends with the post implementation assessment (Cornelius, 2006). From the above process identified each of those stages involves a lot of issues in order to successfully implement the ERP. The readiness assessment process is the most important stage in the entire process and will predict whether a company will successfully implement the ERP or not. The virgin Atlantic Airways is one such company that has successfully implemented the ERP using the readiness process. The company’s strategic plan advised the implementation of the plan. This is because of the complexities that involved the daily transactions of the company. This forced the management to think of something that could help them achieve their target objectives as well as fulfilling the strategic plan objectives. The company has a lot of stakeholders most of who require information in real time. This led to the introduction of the ERP program to the company in order to integrate all the information and help in quick decision making. A second company that has implemented the ERP program is Kenya Airways in Africa. There strategic plan running for ten years was behind the introduction of the ARP program. To successfully serve its customers and other stakeholders the company thought it best to implement the program by initiating the readiness process before implementing the entire program. To be pride of Africa it had to do something that was not being done by others in the continent and this led to the introduction of the ERP. The readiness process should be considered in the following seven key areas: communication, leadership, Culture, project management, technical, functional and resources and Effort (Higgins, 2006). There are various people who will be involved in the entire project and therefore they all need information on how the

Problem Gambling Essay Example for Free

Problem Gambling Essay She took one last look out the window as they drove away, the tears streaming down her face. At the age of four, her world had fallen apart. Karina’s life started out as a perfect middle-class family, and soon turned into a broken mess. They had everything, a perfect house in a really nice part of the city, a nice car; everything was wonderful. As Karina got older, she began to notice things weren’t perfect. Her dad was never there. He was always out gambling in one way or another. â€Å"As time progressed we lost the car, and other possessions due to my dad’s gambling problem. It’s not only about gambling and the money. When people gamble, they do other stupid things, he had an affair. My parents decided to get a divorce. My dad didn’t argue, in fact he said that for the safety of our family it would probably be better because a lot of people were angry at him for what he owed them. It was all because of gambling and snowballed into a mess that could have been really dangerous for my mom and me had we stayed around. I’m sad that my life played out in that way at such a young age, and it’s very unfortunate. I know that if he wouldn’t have had gambling around none of those things would have taken place and we would probably still be the family that we were, but unfortunately that’s not how it played out. † Although many people think that legalizing gambling will have a great effect on the economy, I think the negative effects are much more evident. People’s views on subjects often have to do with their ethics. Ethics, as defined by Seiler and Beall, are an individual’s system of moral principles. My ethics lead me to believe that gambling is wrong because I was raised to believe that my family is more important than economic wealth. As it is evident in the story above, gambling can have a major negative effect on someone’s life, and so it is too much of a risk to legalize this dangerous game. Three main reasons that gambling should be kept illegal are that gambling creates tension among the family members, gambling increases crime in the society, and the addiction to gambling is too great for many to overcome. The first reason that gambling should be kept illegal is that gambling creates tension among the family members as the money that should be used for the family is being spent on gambling. Even though gambling might, in some cases, bring money into the state and local economies, there are side effects to having a casino down the street. Forshey (1998) states, â€Å"The gambling jobs, taxes, and recreational values provided by the industry cannot compensate for the social pain-in the form of bankruptcies, white-collar crime, divorce, a compromised political process, an increase in alcoholism-it inflicts. † The drain of a working person’s money that wager’s his or her paycheck and loses is not compensated with the amount of jobs a casino brings to a community. Gambling is a greedy industry that produces nothing more than empty hopes, empty dreams and empty wallets. Anderson states, â€Å"Proponents argue that state lotteries are an effective way to raise taxes painlessly. But the evidence shows that legalized gambling often hurts those who are poor and disadvantaged. † Without casino gambling, many local citizens would spend their money on groceries or clothes, instead of reducing their savings on gambling. As William Thompson states in his article â€Å"Gambling: A Controlling Substance,† It [gambling] is a pleasure, like other entertainment, but in that regard, it is an expensive pleasure. † Thompson then continues with this thought: â€Å"Politicians must recognize that the benefits of gambling are bounded by market structures. Gambling money does not grow on trees. It comes out of the pockets or real people, who otherwise would have spent it on something else. † All of this evidence shoes that gambling should be kept illegal because it creates tension among the family members as the money that should be used for the family is being spent on gambling. A second reason that gambling should be kept illegal is that gambling increases the amount of crime within a society. Gambling often becomes associated with crime, a relationship that seems quite understandable. Not only does gambling continue to be illegal in some forms which makes it a crime to participate in, but also the second half of the issue occurs when gambling increases the amount of street crime in a surrounding area. Crime rates have been significantly higher in places that allow gambling. Kindt states, â€Å"Atlantic City showed a jump in crime when gambling was legalized. The city went from 50th in the nation in per capita crime to first. Problem gamblers may also become more likely to have financial troubles and use illegal activities as a way to pay off their debts and keep up their unhealthy habit. † This graphic shows a report done by the U. S. Department of Justice studied people that were arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines, Iowa. The results show many connections between gambling and crime. â€Å"More than 30 percent of pathological gamblers who had been arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines reported having committed a robbery within the past year, nearly double the percentage for low-risk gamblers. Nearly one-third admitted that they had committed the robbery to pay for gambling or to pay gambling debts. In addition, about 13 perfect said they had assaulted someone to get money. † As is evident, gambling should be kept illegal because it increases the amount of crime within a society. We will now look at the last reason why gambling should be kept illegal. Finally, a third reason that gambling should be kept illegal is that the addiction to gambling is too great for many to overcome, resulting in psychological problems for the gambler. Some people argue that if a person wants to gamble badly enough they will do it. They say that one will be able to control his or herself and only gamble when it’s appropriate, but gambling is an addiction that some people can’t escape. The addiction is a nationwide problem, and as much a part of gambling as the dice. As an article in the Omaha World Herald states, â€Å"Problem gambling is the urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequence or the desire to stop, and pathological gambling involves wagering to such excess that it has a severe negative effect on the gambler’s life. † Getting hooked on gambling comes mainly from the action and thrill, an experience chemically the same as those with inhaled substances. They fall under the spell of action. Action is an aroused, joyous state involving excitement, tension, and anticipation of the outcome of a gambling event. It is the thrill of living on the edge. Gambling has little to do with money and everything to do with the feelings of a gambler. William Thompson states, â€Å"People will lie to themselves, also in calculating the money because they don’t want to tell themselves that they were foolish about gambling. † Problem gamblers describe gambling as â€Å"highs† similar to that experienced from many drug substances. Some experience these sensations when just thinking about gambling. How is a person supposed to avoid gambling if he or she is constantly being surrounded with opportunities to place bets and be involved in the â€Å"action†? As Frey suggests casinos increase the number of problem gamblers, and make it that much more difficult to stop for those already addicted. In order to stop the number of pathological gamblers from increasing, the amount of gambling in the United States must decrease as a whole. Pathological gamblers were twice as likely to describe their general health as fair to poor over the past two years and were more likely to acknowledge mental or emotional problems. Rates of alcohol and drug dependence, job loss, and bankruptcy were also significantly higher for pathological gamblers relative to non-gamblers. According to Weinstock and Meyers, â€Å" Almost 20 percent of the people diagnosed as pathological gamblers file for bankruptcy compared to the less than 5 percent of those in the general population. † Percentage of Population with Gambling Problems In order to stop the number of pathological gamblers from increasing, the amount of gambling in the United States must decrease as a whole. As is evident in this bar graph the amount of people with gambling disorders has greatly increased. According to Weinstock and Meyers, â€Å"Recent studies have found that approximately 2 percent of Americans have had severe levels of disordered gambling at some point in their lifetime. Alarmingly, the rate in the Mid-South is even higher. Studies with Mississippi and Louisiana reveal that about 5 percent of the residents in Mississippi have a gambling problem, while in New Orleans, Louisiana 8 percent of the population reported significant problems because of their gambling. † Gambling should be kept illegal because the addiction to gambling is too great for many, even adolescents to overcome. According to Welte, Barnes, Tidwell, and Hoffman, â€Å"Over 2% of U. S. adolescents have experienced problem gambling (i. e. , sub-clinical pathological gambling) in the past year. Females have a . 1% problem gambling rate, and males a 4. 2% problem gambling rate within the past year. † If we don’t put a stop to this now the future of pathological gambling will continue. Regrettably, these pathological gamblers will most likely have to deal with many adverse life events because of their addiction. Many problem gamblers are under so much stress, they commit domestic violence or suicide. There are other, less dangerous ways to find entertainment. So many people suffer every day from their addiction to gambling. The United States should put a stop by banning the gambling industry, and therefore eliminating the harmful side effects of legalized gambling. All of this evidence shows that gambling should be kept illegal because the addiction to gambling is far too great for some people to overcome, resulting in psychological problems for the gambler. The negative effects of gambling out-weigh the positive. The tension created among family members, increased crime in society, and the addiction resulting in psychological problems are just too great of a risk for the people of our society to undergo. So the next time you walk into a casino, remember Karina’s story and how the gambling may affect your life, because even if you’re willing to take the chance, odds are the negative effects of gambling will leave you unlucky in life. It is important for all of you to take note of the consequences and refrain from gambling. Staying away from the dangers of gambling, and setting an example to others is extremely important. No matter what type of personality you have, you can be an influence to others and help stop the spread of gambling all over the nation. I want to challenge you that if you know someone that gambles or you yourself gamble share what you know about gambling and try to put a stop to the habit! References: * Anderson, K. Gambling. Gambling Probe Ministries. Retrieved October 31, 2001 from http://www. probe. org/site/c. fdKEIMNsEoG/b. 4219137/k. C8BD/Gambling. htm * Brandt, K. (Personal communication, October 21, 2011) * Forshey, G. E. (1998). Lonely crusade: Fighting the Gambling Industry. The Christian Century. Retrieved October 31, 2011 from http://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com/hww/results/getResults. jhtml? _DARGS=/hww/results/results_common. jhtml. 35 * Kindt, J. (1994). The Economic Impacts of Legalized Gambling Activities. Drake Law Review, 40 (1), 50-87. Retrieved October 26, 2011 from https://www.ideals. illinois. edu/handle/2142/16297 * Meyers, A. Whelan, J. Weinstock. (June 1998). Gambling: When it is not a Game Anymore. Business Perspectives, 16-22. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www. allbusiness. com/specialty-businesses/291076-1. html * Problem Gambling: Be aware of warning signs. Omaha World Herald. (March, 19, 2010). Retrieved October 23, 2011 from Library. * Seiler, W. J. and Beall, M. L. (2009). Communication and Ethical Behavior. In Communication: Making Connections (8th Ed) (pp. 8-9). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Allyn.

Robert Browning Essay Example for Free

Robert Browning Essay The dramatic monologue form which is now widely used, allows the author to engage his reader more directly by placing him in the role of listener. Often they are to interpret about a dramatic event or experience they are reading about. This allows the reader to become more intimate with the writer and the characters while being able to understand the speakers changing thoughts and feelings. This is almost like being inside the mind of the speaker not the writer though. The speech is delivered by a character in a play allowing the imagination of the reader to remain open. Many poets have used some type of dramatic monologue forms in their poetry but none as much or as skilled as the Victorian poet Robert Browning. Even though some believe the works of Robert Browning in fact did not invent the dramatic monologue form and argue that dramatic monologue was used in poetry preceding Browning I believe he set the standard for the form. Robert Browning is considered the master of the dramatic monologue because Browning’s use of dramatic monologue changed post romantic poetry and the dramatic monologue technique. Browning’s dramatic monologue writings were the first to achieve its distinction. I think initially some believed that some dramatic lyrical poems took the form of dramatic monologue it was more of reading the views of the poet and putting the reader into the mind of the actual poet verses putting the reader into the mind of the character. They key to dramatic monologue is the poet is telling a story through the characters of the story and the views of the characters are not the same views the poet would have if it were written in a different form. It wasn’t until realizing that these other poems in fact did not follow the same techniques of Robert Browning’s work that Browning received the recognition for being the inventor of dramatic monologue poetic form. Browning is now considered the master of the dramatic monologue. One of his most recognized dramatic monologue form poems is My Last Duchess. His careful choice in words, skillful technique and ability to leave some information up to the reader to interpret gave him his distinction and effectively named him the master of the dramatic monologue form. The poem My Last Duchess is about a powerful Duke and his beautiful deceased wife. The poem is based during the Renaissance years, in Italy, and revolves around the Duke of Ferrara. The Duke has either a visitor or servant that he is talking to. It is believed that he is planning his next marriage and discussing this with his guest. They pass a portrait of his previous wife that is painted on the wall and he stops to reminisce. The Duke appeared to truly love his duchess and this was evident by having her memory displayed as a portrait on his wall for all to see. The poem begins with him mourning her loss and I believe ends with the justification of her death. The Duke felt she behaved in a manner that was unbecoming of a duchess. The Duke believed that she was a cheater and this caused him embarrassment and anger. He stated she was a kind hearted and a joyful woman, the same qualities that initially attracted the Duke to the Duchess. The Duke stated that her smiling and flirting with other men and the fact that she was not trying to hide what she was doing was unacceptable and shameful. These same qualities would eventually lead to her demise The Duke was furious and Browning’s use of dramatic monologue shows us it’s not exactly what the Duke says to the visitor about his Duchesses death but what he indirectly reveals by not telling the whole story and leaving it up to the reader to decide. The fact that there is a lot not said in this story I believe shows his fury, the way he spoke of her could lead one to believe that he either killed her or had her killed. It seems back in those days it was common for wives to be killed as divorce was not accepted. This is just one small sample of Browning’s work. Browning’s fame today rests mainly on his dramatic monologues, in which the words not only convey setting and action but also reveal the speaker’s character.

Historical Perspectives on the Social Order

Historical Perspectives on the Social Order Laura Sanchez Ronald P. Bobroff In The Radicalism of the American Revolution, Gordon Wood showed the various transitions that the American society had to go through in order to achieve a sense of equality in a socio-economical level and with respect to the government. In the book, Wood starts talking about how American society looked like at the beginning, how it was basically a replica of what people knew at the time; a monarchy-like Estate, derived in some form of aristocracy since there was no king ruling in the continent, but back in England. In this early Estate, the status quo was important to maintain and show in order to reflect power and social position, where work was seen as something not worthy of doing by the higher classes because they already had the financial resources and did not feel the need of produce them through labor activities. Since labor activities were seen as something lower classes needed and should do in order to gain resources to live. Because the higher classes, the Gentry, were the only independent group, because they did not have to answer to anyone, they were the ruling class, but the lower classes had to answer to the ruling classes because they had to work for the money that was provided by the higher classes. Even when the American society enjoyed some freedoms that the English society could not enjoy, the inequalities were still present, since the level of freedom people could enjoy was given by the social status they had and enjoyed. But again, this was the replica of what they knew as a socio-political system. In America, it was clear that because the Gentry did not have to work for the financial resources they already had, for it was clear that they were to lead and the rest, to follow. From this aristocratically estate of government, American society made its way to a less hierarchical society, where equality of opportunity was the main character, where every person was born with the same rights and where every man had the equal opportunity to become a gentleman based on their level of education. This was in the reality a rough equality, since they were still valuing people based on the property owned. According to Wood equality lay at the heart of republicanism; it was, said David Ramsay, the life and soul of commonwealth. Republican citizenship implied equity. Citizen (or sometimes cit) was a term that had been commonly used by the premodern monarchical society. It generally had meant the inhabitant of a city or town, who had been thus distinguished from a member of the landed nobility or gentry[1]. Then, it came the idea of a ruling class composed by disinterested gentleman, this idea came up because the alternative was interested gentleman who were to rule obey ing their own particular interests, but if the leading class had no particular interest they were to rule more equally and impartially to everyone instead than just for a few. The problem here is that this model of being ruled by disinterested gentleman would be replicating the past and with that, replicating the old problems. Since this disinterested gentleman were also human beings with their particular interests to work for, even when they claimed not to have any particular interest. With this new concept of equality, and in reality those who claimed to be disinterested and those on the higher social classes were not more capable to rule than the rest of the population who had access to the same opportunities. The problem with this approach is that it generates and feeds conflict of interests, because no matter who is in a leading position is undeniably going to promote policies that will benefit their own interests or the interests of the people close to them; resulting in an unbalance of the social and political system. This opened the way for a democratic political system, where ordinary people could being involved in the government, in contrast with the previous forms of government that were attempted where only the gentry could aspire to be in charge of a leading position on the government, like a perpetuation of the aristocracy, because if gentlemen were involved in the marketplace and had interests just like everyone else, they were really no different from all those common people artisans, shopkeepers, traders, and others who had traditionally been denied a role in political leadership because of their overriding absorption in their private occupational interests. In short, the Anti-Federalists were saying that liberally educated gentlemen were no more capable that ordinary people of classical republican disinterestedness and virtue and that consequently there was no one in the society equipped to promote an exclusive public interest that was distinguishable from the private interests of peo ple[2]. The great achievement of this time is that the motivation of the people to participate on the government had really changed from maintaining the status quo to open the positions equally to every person in the society, transitioning almost without realizing into a democracy. By contrast with this new increasing openness in the American society, we find a British society which was open to foreign nationals looking for refuge, but this openness of the British government to receive foreign nationals into their space was not seen well by other European countries and by British nationals as well. This is why, some British nationals, called themselves anarchists, decided to promote and commit terrorist acts on British soil as a form of rising their voices and make the statement of their inconformity with this policy of giving refuge to other people. They wanted to keep Britain for themselves, so while other countries were opening their boundaries to welcome other nationals, other ideals, religions, and a complete new rainbow of possibilities; there were groups in Britain, as is explained in the novel The Secret Agent, as well in other countries that were not happy with this kind of policies, that took their nationalism feelings and ideals to another level full of hate and incomprehension that led them to commit acts of terror and treason to their own soil. Because, in the end, this people, the anarchists, were not democratic. This anarchist group decided to attack Greenwich observatory, the center of the modern world, sending a clear message of how anti progress they felt, because instead of promoting and applauding the progress they attacked it. Being objective, if they only were against the laws, policies or even the political system and beliefs, they would have attacked some political, judicial or governmental institution, but they needed to state that they were not only against the policies but against any form of progress, and nothing claims more progress than science. Because science is the fundament of the progress of humankind; moreover, I am a civilized man. I would never dream of directing you to organize a mere butchery, even if I expected the best results from it. But I wouldnt expect from a butchery the results I want. Murder is always with us. It is almost an institution. The demonstration must be against learning science. But not every science will do. The attack must have all the shocking senselessness of gratuitous blasphemy[3] And, wanting to close the borders to people of foreign countries because some nationals of a given country feel insecure about it, is an inhumane act full of hate, prejudice and resentment. This anarchists could not being democrats because they were firm believers of the socialist doctrine, that is by mere concept anti progress. Democracy is about progress, that is why throughout history it is often seen that democracy is the last form of government achieved after having tried and passed for all others, because its core is almost perfect and can be only achieved through trial and error; after seen what should and should not be done. Democracy is about liberties, not debauchery as people often misunderstand it. Democracy is about equality of opportunities, people cannot be forced to do something they do not want to, but they have the right of having equal opportunities to access the minimal conditions to live and to live well. If someone is w orking hard and is not getting involved or interfering with other peoples life, it does not matter where that person is from. That individual person is a human being and has the right to live and to live well, and to work, and to not being afraid of being attacked by another person. This is the kind of society that Wood explain to us, this is the fundament of the openness of American society. They were open to everyone who was disposed to work hard and live a good life based on their work. And that is what is translated nowadays in what is called the American dream, it is just another name for the principal fundament of the American democracy. B3. Benedict Anderson in his Imagined Communities suggests ways that the citizens of a nation perceive themselves as a part of the whole as a community developing some sort of spirit that overcomes them and that is able to overlap the individuality of each one, this is what is called nationalism; a sense of belonging to something bigger than oneself. He explains this when he says that the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion[4]; meaning that what really matters is the idea of belonging, the feeling to be part of something bigger than the sense of individuality. Is the idea of being a valuable member of the whole. Anderson also explains the it is not only the sense of belonging, but it goes further to the sense of limitations, because human beings do not like to think that everyone has the same without having fought for it; meaning, that it is important to feel that there are some boundaries that somehow contain this massive feeling of community; because even the largest of them, encompassing perhaps a billion living human beings, has finite, if elastic, boundaries, beyond which lie other nations. No nation imagines itself coterminous with mankind. The most messianic nationalists do not dream of a day when all the members of the human race will join their nation in the way that it was possible, in certain epochs, for, say, Christians to dream of a wholly Christian planet[5]. In the end, we need to feel part of something that even though it is bigger than us it is finite; something that no one else has it and that it cannot be found elsewhere, something that belongs to us so that there is the i dea that it is special and therefore that generates in the human mind the urgency to defend it. Another important concept is sovereignty, which is the power conferred by independence. Not having atavistic ties that create and maintain ties to the past, gives way to the progress of a nation and with it, the progress of its citizens who feel part of it. Because the concept was born in an age in which Enlightenment and Revolution were destroying the legitimacy of the divinely-ordained, hierarchical dynastic realm. Coming to maturity at a stage of human history when even the most devout adherents of any universal religion were inescapably confronted with the living pluralism of such religions, and the allomorphism between each faiths ontological claims and territorial stretch, nations dream of being free, and, if under .God, directly so. The gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state.[6] This is extremely important because the sense of progress brings with it a new meaning to the concept of freedom. At this point, we found citizens who have well identified their sense o f belonging to something larger than them as mere individuals, who need to feel that they belong to something unique and special, that not everyone can have access to and that is worth fighting for; Accompanied by the ideas of freedom and progress. Finally, Anderson explains that in spite of the inequities that have existed in the world historically, nowadays the feeling of nationalism has generated that the human beings feel part of a horizontal whole where all are equal and fight every day for a common goal and that they are able to fight for this, not necessarily with the disposition to kill for this but with the will to die defending that for what they believe and live; because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings[7]. For it generates the idea of horizontality as Anderson explains, that is to say that there are no longer any social classes that command over other social classes. That all are born equal and have access to the same rig hts and opportunities because they all are human alike. And they are willing to go to the last consequences in order to defend it. Comparing these four ideas about nationalism as a sense of belonging to a whole with what Gordon Wood explains in The Radicalism of the American Revolution, United States, already composed of more and more diverse peoples, could not rely on any tribal or national identity. To be an American could not be a matter of blood; it had to be a matter of common belief and behavior. And the source of that common belief and behavior was the American Revolution: it was the Revolution and only the Revolution, that made them one people.[8]. The sense of belonging for American people needed to be greater than language, political views, religion or national origin; the sense of being part of this great nation needed to go further, to the point that all people, national and foreign, feel the need to defend the ideals in which this nation is built. This nation, with well delimited boundaries, that has been pioneering in subjects of freedom, equality and horizontality, meaning that all people are equa l under the unit of the American flag, provided they are willing to respect and work for it, to defend the ideals it represents. Works Cited Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. (New York, Vintage Books, 1991) Conrad, Joseph. The Secret Agent. (Oxford Worlds Classic, 2008) Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities. (New York, Verso / New Left Books, 1996) I pledge that I have acted honorably. Laura Sanchez [1] Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. (New York, Vintage Books, 1991), 223 [2] Wood, 256 [3] Conrad, Joseph. The Secret Agent. (Oxford Worlds Classic, 2008), 25 [4] Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities. (New York, Verso / New Left Books, 1996), 7 [5] Anderson, 7 [6] Anderson, 8 [7] Anderson, 8 [8] Wood, 336

The Damage Humans Cause Exploiting the Earth for Their Own Conveniences

The Damage Humans Cause Exploiting the Earth for Their Own Conveniences As humans continually exploit the earth for their own conveniences they become increasingly aware of the damage they cause. In the last 30 years the population has begun to notice just how serious the problem is and as a result great efforts have been put into amending the environment from our technological follies. Since the use of fossil fuels causes 70% of the earth's air pollution it's only logical that the human race must restrict the use of oil (Exploring Alternative Fuels) One of the main reason that fossil fuels are extracted from the earth is to provide oil for the propulsion of transportation vehicles. Scientist and researchers realized that oil is unnecessary to power ground transportation vehicles such as cars and trucks. In fact electricity is just as effective for propelling vehicles as gasoline is. Due to "the major concern of air quality, energy diversity, and the innovations of the automobile industry" electric vehicles began to be researched and produced (Electric V ehicle Report). Electric vehicles are now becoming the future of the transportation because they secure a long-term answer to the problem of fueling and they greatly reduce the earth's air pollution. The most viable options to replacing gas-powered vehicles are the three different forms of electric powered automobiles; hybrid, solar and fuel cell. Although electric vehicles were not recently invented most of their development has occurred in the last 15 years and with the application of modern technologies, developers have enabled electric vehicles to be powerful and cost efficient, without causing harm to the environment (Information on Electric Cars). Electric vehicles have had a relatively long history compared to most transportation devices. The first known electric automobile was a small model built by Professor Strtingh in 1835 in the Duct City of Groningen. This car, however, was extremely impractical because of its expense and the short life of the battery. The first practic al electric vehicle to be built was a small automobile that was produced in the United States by Thomas Davenport. Thomas made great improvements to his electric automobile, reducing its cost, and implicating a battery with a longer life span and greater power. Even with these improvements Davenport's electric automobile was not... .... Online. AOL. 27 Jan. 1999. "Electric Vehicles and Activities". Triangle E.A.A. Online. AOL. 13 Dec. 1998. "Electric Vehicles as a Viable Means of Transportation". Sacramento E.V.A. online. AOL. 5 Dec. 1998. "Electrically Powered Vehicle Rallies". Electra America. online. AOL. 5 Dec. 1998. "Exploring Alternative Fuels". Global E.A.A. Online. AOL. 13 Dec. 1998. "Home Built Electric Vehicles". Japan Electric Vehicle Club. Online. AOL. 13 Dec. 1998. "Industrial Efforts for Applying Electric Drives to Military and Commercial Vehicles". Mid Atlantic Consortium for Advanced Vehicles. Online. AOL. 13 Dec. 1998. "Information on Electric Cars". Southern Coalition for Advanced Transportation. Online. AOL. 13 Dec. 1998. "National Gas Vehicles". IANGV. online. AOL. 5 Dec. 1998 "Oil Market is Becoming Unstable". Clean Environment Association. Online. AOL. 27 Jan. 1999. "Oil Shocks Will be felt globally". World Economy Statistics. Online. AOL. 27 Jan. 1999. "Renewable Fuel". Government Solar Testing. Online. AOL. 27 Jan. 1999. "Small Electric Cars for Access to Mass Transit Stations". National Station Car Association. Online. AOL. 13 Dec. 1998.

Viva La Revolution :: essays research papers

Viva La Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What would it take to stir up the courage to bear arms against the government? The courage remains hidden for now. But when the time is right, when the future becomes the present, and the scene is set the courage of the people will shine true. This scene must be set to trigger the emotion and release the nationalism. Some occurrences that could stir the needed courage, regardless of the consequences, would be, in my eyes, perhaps the reinstatement of the Draft’s Board or any dictatorship actions performed by the government. A revolt could take place even at a simple rise of taxes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Drafts Board remained in use through many wars. But these wars and these ways of thinking are behind the American people. And perhaps behind the thinking of the American Government also. And if it were by some sick twist of fate ever reinstated many veterans and others would be bound to take a stand. The young people of America deserve their right to chose if they want to defend their country in war. The very freedom they have been chosen to protect would be gone. Therefore they must retain their right to chose. Our country was created by the struggle of a common people for a democratic government. And who in their right mind would not fight to keep their right to choose the leader of their country. That is what a democracy is about. If the American people decided to just let the government standardize us into certain categories we would be denying the honor of those who died to give us our individuality in the first place. Our government defends those who are caught in a dictatorship political structure, then the people must defend themselves from being in need of defense like those who we currently aide. In this situation Americans would have nearly no choice but to defend themselves by revolting. As the saying goes, only two things in life are certain, death and taxes. Although taxes may seem like petty reasoning for taking up arms, it deserves more contemplation. It was a constant raise of taxes that began the revolt by Americans against the English government in the origin of our fine country.

The Color Purple vs. The Joy Luck Club Essay -- essays research papers

The Color Purple is a biased, unbalanced view into the life of black women during the early to mid-nineteen hundreds. While it is obvious that a woman who in her own right is racist, chauvinist, and ignorant to the way that the world really works wrote the novel, it has been requested that the class write a paper on the story. Whilst this writer does not agree with this novel or anything that Alice Walker thinks or feels, obligingly this paper is been written. The Color Purple and the Joy Luck Club had many similarities, the most notably the presence of weak, ill bred, and quite frankly embarrassing male characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most obvious example of one of these unfortunate male characters is of course Albert from the Color Purple. Throughout the novel, Albert is portrayed as an abusive agitator whose main concerns are money, sex, and making sure things are in their â€Å"place†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dear God, Harpo ast his daddy why he beat me. Mr. ________ say, Cause she my wife.† (Walker, 23) Only the most ignorant of men, even if they believed this would make that reply, fueling the fire that this author feels to have Alice Walker burned at the stake. Especially considering that Alice herself admitted that she does not think fondly of the male race. Albert, throughout the book, is in no way portrayed as a good man until the very end when his whole world comes crumbling down because Celie finally stood up for herself and left with Shug. This writer feels that this is indirectly saying that men are weak and can not function in life without a â€Å"strong Woman† to guide them. I will add personally that a woman does not make a man, actions and attitude make a man. That being said, Albert is not a good man, but he realizes this and changes his ways towards the end of the story which I feel deserves him a great deal of respect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Having slandered Alice Walker like that, this writer cannot overlook the fact that Amy Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club does not convey a flattering view on men. While all of her male characters are minors ones at best, each one conveys a different distinct shortcoming. Harold, Lena’s husband, is completely oblivious to his wife’s feelings making him self-centered. After viewing the list of expenses on the refrigerator Lena’s mother and her had a discus... ... he had indeed been cheating on her. This fact only came out when he called her after the divorce asking for the house to start a new family. This revelation is not a proud day for men, fictional character or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end, the fact that men like all of these actually exists, cannot be disputed. However, focusing on the shortcomings of someone always puts them in a negative light. This writer could easily produce a novel featuring women who do much of the same thing or perhaps I could bash a certain religion, race, or how about talking trash about homosexuals? I do not do this because it gets us nowhere and in reality, it is wrong, everyone has shortcomings. Focusing on the positive of out civilization is the way to go. I feel that the chauvinism displayed by both of these authors is a detriment to the novelists who manage to take unbiased views on the world. While both of these novels are widely shared and respected throughout the literary world, perhaps it is time to stop looking so deep into books to analyze how the theme of colonialism affected Nettie on page two-twelve and look at the facts that are in bold face. The Color Purple vs. The Joy Luck Club Essay -- essays research papers The Color Purple is a biased, unbalanced view into the life of black women during the early to mid-nineteen hundreds. While it is obvious that a woman who in her own right is racist, chauvinist, and ignorant to the way that the world really works wrote the novel, it has been requested that the class write a paper on the story. Whilst this writer does not agree with this novel or anything that Alice Walker thinks or feels, obligingly this paper is been written. The Color Purple and the Joy Luck Club had many similarities, the most notably the presence of weak, ill bred, and quite frankly embarrassing male characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most obvious example of one of these unfortunate male characters is of course Albert from the Color Purple. Throughout the novel, Albert is portrayed as an abusive agitator whose main concerns are money, sex, and making sure things are in their â€Å"place†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dear God, Harpo ast his daddy why he beat me. Mr. ________ say, Cause she my wife.† (Walker, 23) Only the most ignorant of men, even if they believed this would make that reply, fueling the fire that this author feels to have Alice Walker burned at the stake. Especially considering that Alice herself admitted that she does not think fondly of the male race. Albert, throughout the book, is in no way portrayed as a good man until the very end when his whole world comes crumbling down because Celie finally stood up for herself and left with Shug. This writer feels that this is indirectly saying that men are weak and can not function in life without a â€Å"strong Woman† to guide them. I will add personally that a woman does not make a man, actions and attitude make a man. That being said, Albert is not a good man, but he realizes this and changes his ways towards the end of the story which I feel deserves him a great deal of respect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Having slandered Alice Walker like that, this writer cannot overlook the fact that Amy Tan’s novel The Joy Luck Club does not convey a flattering view on men. While all of her male characters are minors ones at best, each one conveys a different distinct shortcoming. Harold, Lena’s husband, is completely oblivious to his wife’s feelings making him self-centered. After viewing the list of expenses on the refrigerator Lena’s mother and her had a discus... ... he had indeed been cheating on her. This fact only came out when he called her after the divorce asking for the house to start a new family. This revelation is not a proud day for men, fictional character or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the end, the fact that men like all of these actually exists, cannot be disputed. However, focusing on the shortcomings of someone always puts them in a negative light. This writer could easily produce a novel featuring women who do much of the same thing or perhaps I could bash a certain religion, race, or how about talking trash about homosexuals? I do not do this because it gets us nowhere and in reality, it is wrong, everyone has shortcomings. Focusing on the positive of out civilization is the way to go. I feel that the chauvinism displayed by both of these authors is a detriment to the novelists who manage to take unbiased views on the world. While both of these novels are widely shared and respected throughout the literary world, perhaps it is time to stop looking so deep into books to analyze how the theme of colonialism affected Nettie on page two-twelve and look at the facts that are in bold face.

SNC Reaction Paper

What was it spent on? Who were the recipients? Investigations suggested that the money was used to pay bribes to unknown North African agents in order to sanction mufti-million dollar future projects. This was possibly done to maximize company revenue, but the deed is still questionable with Demise's grey past. The archbishop Of Milan, SST. Ambrose once said, â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans. † Does this translate to Zinc's actions in North Africa? Doing business in different parts of the world can be a difficult game because of varied cultural and professional differences.What may seem wrong in North America may be an everyday occurrence in another part of the world. Bribery is one such act. A bribe, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"money or favor given or promised in order to influence the judgment or conduct of a person in a position of trust†. From personal experience, in some countries, not paying a bribe or not â€Å"giving a gift' may pro long or delay work, and in some cases even create a roadblock and completely stop the project. In some countries, offering a bribe is legal while in others it is considered a felony.The question forever is, is bribery ethical? Ethics, in my opinion, are culture specific and, as the professor mentioned in class, time specific. Slavery, for example was an integral part of a perfectly normal society in ancient times but now is considered a heinous crime. Pierre Daytime bribed officials to influence their decision in choosing SYNC Laving for construction projects. But even after investigations, it is not known what this bribe was used for. Daytime and Ben Sass were also linked to illegal activities like money laundering with the controversial Miramar Godhead of Libya.Keeping in mind his past history and the act of bribery itself positions me to believe that Daytime acted unethically. I also believe that bribery, in any form, is morally wrong irrespective of where one does business. In t his case, Daytime, the board of directors, the agents and the officials in North Africa are the active agents. The shareholders, potential and current clients, the employees of SYNC Laving as well as their competitors are the passive agents. Let's analyses the ethical issues in this case using a few models.Virtue Based Moral Reasoning expects en to maximize certain virtues like honesty, integrity, fairness and transparency. Daytime in his actions exhibited dishonesty and dishonor by bribing and laundering money. These actions were unfair to the shareholder as they were and still are unaware about where their money was spent. Lack of transparency creates a loss of trust amongst employees and stake-holders as well. Demise's actions were, therefore, unethical. Next, let's look at it through a Communitarian's approach. This method stresses that contracts, implicit and explicit, should be respect and not breached under any resistance.Daytime had a fiduciary duty towards the corporation, which he breached as the company lost its reputation as a result of this bribery debacle. He had also signed an implicit contract with the employees of the organization which was breached when he paid no heed to company ethics before making his decisions. Falsifying accounts by using terms like â€Å"project consultancy costs† and â€Å"project commercial costs† for the money spent towards bribes is equivalent to lying to shareholders as these statements are finally sanctioned by the CEO. Thus we see that SYNC Laving and Daytime acted unethically on the basis of Communitarian's.However, if you look at the decision through a Consequentiality perspective, an approach where only the consequences of your actions matter, Daytime, while making this decision was actually right. He paid a small price (in the form of a bribe), which in turn would bring in business worth billions and increase the company's revenue. He believed that ends justified the means. However, after the en tire incident unfolded, SYNC Laving not only lost a lot of money through trials and fines, but also lost something more important, trust and reputation.Thus, I believe that this act was unethical even through a consequentiality approach. If Daytime was acting under a veil of ignorance, he would definitely not authorize these payments. SYNC Laving could have been a company that has lost out to a lucrative contract just because another company was willing to bribe their way to the contract. Here we see that through a Rawlins Liberalism approach, Daytime was unethical. According to Graham Tucker's theory, an ethical decision should positively answer all his five questions. Daytime and SYNC Lapin's board fails to answer these questions positively.Was their decision profitable? Definitely not. SYNC Lapin's profits reduced from $76 million to $67 million in the first quarter of 201 2 itself. Secondly, bribe giving is illegal in Canada which negatively answers his second question, is it le gal? He then goes on to ask if it is fair. If you look at this from their competitors perspective, their decision was unfair to the competitors who missed out on deals as they refused to pay bribes. This decision was also not right as this money was paid to unnamed and unknown recipients to influence the company's goals.Finally, it fails to positively answer if paying bribes ensures sustainable development. Such acts result in recurrence of ill doing which in turn can backfire on the corporation. Most successful organizations usually boast of having a clean slate and usually do not indulge in such acts. Bribery may be a quick fix but is definitely not a permanent solution. Informs CEO and my former boss, Nary Murphy once suggested, â€Å"If bribe giving, and not bribe taking, is made legal then the bribe giver shall indeed cooperate with the authorities to expose the bribe taker.This seems o be an interesting idea and think it should be implemented†. Such a policy will encour age victims to blow the whistle on bribe takers fearlessly and in turn help combat corruption. In my view, businesses can very well flourish even in the harshest situations. Informs is a great example; an organization which flourished ethically in an environment which was not very welcoming to entrepreneurs with a conscience. Their vision was not to just build a profitable organization, but a respectable one. In 1984, Informs imported a supercomputer and the customs official at the airport refused to clear it without a bribe.Any delay was unacceptable and the only alternative was to pay a customs duty of 135% and then appeal for a refund. Murphy borrowed money and paid the duty. He believes that at the end of the day, a clear conscience is the softest pillow on which you can lay down your head at night. Firmly believe that bribery is an evil which eventually leads to corrupt business and political environment. Even though it is viewed differently in different cultures, morally it st ill is wrong and unethical. I'd rather not do business in a market which enforces bribery than silence my scruples and indulge in a social evil.

Deception Point Page 43

Norah took a final control up the incline, grateful for the illuminated piece of ground home. As she looked taboo, though, roundthing odd farered. For an instant, one of the hot flares entirely disappeared from view. Before Norah could worry that it was death out, the flare reappeared. If Norah didnt k straightway better, she would assume something had passed amongst the flare and her location. Certainly no frame else was out here unless of course the administrator had started to liveliness guilty and sent a NASA aggroup out after them. Somehow Norah doubted it. standardizedly nothing, she decided. A gust of wind had momently killed the flame.Norah returned to the GPR. All lined up?Tolland shrugged. I think so.Norah went over to the control braid on the sled and pressed a aloneton. A sharp buzz emanated from the GPR and because stopped. Okay, she said. Done.Thats it? bad said.All the work is in setup. The actual shot takes only a second.Onboard the sled, the heat-tran sfer pressman had already begun to hum and click. The printer was enclosed in a illuminate plastic covering and was slowly ejecting a heavy, curled make-up. Norah waited until the devcrank had completed printing, and accordingly she reached up low the plastic and take the printout. Theyll visualise, she thought, carrying the printout over to the flare so that everyone could see it. There wont be any seawater.Everyone gather slightly as Norah stood over the flare, clutching the printout tightly in her gloves. She took a deep pinch and uncurled the paper to examine the data. The render on the paper made her limit in horror.Oh, God Norah stared, unable to remember what she was looking at. As expected, the printout revealed a pass off cross section of the water-filled meteorite gig. But what Norah had neer expected to see was the hazy white-haired outline of a humanoid radiation diagram afloat(p) halfway down the shaft. Her job turned to methamphetamine. Oh God ther es a body in the downslope pit.Everyone stared in stunned silence.The ghostlike body was vagrant channelize down in the narrow shaft. zoom around the corpse like some sort of cape was an eerie shroudlike aura. Norah now realized what the aura was. The GPR had captured a choke trace of the victims heavy coat, what could only be a familiar, long, dense camel hair.Its Ming, she said in a whisper. He must afford slipped.Norah Mangor never imagined that seeing Mings body in the extraction pit would be the lesser of the two shocks the printout would reveal, but as her look traced downward in the shaft, she dictum something else.The nut to a lower place the extraction shaftNorah stared. Her show while thought was that something had gone wrong with the scan. Then, as she studied the image more closely, an unsettling actualisation began to grow, like the storm gathering around them. The papers edges flapped wildly in the wind as she turned and looked more intently at the printou t.But thats impossibleSuddenly, the truth came crashing down. The fruition felt like it was going to immerse her. She forgot every about Ming.Norah now understood. The saltwater in the shaft She fell to her knees in the snow beside the flare. She could barely breathe. Still clutching the paper in her hands, she began trembling.My God it didnt even occur to me.Then, with a sudden eruption of rage, she spun her header in the direction of the NASA habisphere. You bastards she screamed, her vo glassful tracking off in the wind. You goddamned bastardsIn the darkness, only fifty yards away, Delta-One held his CrypTalk dev spyglass to his babble and spoke only two manner of speaking to his controller. They know.49Norah Mangor was still kneeling on the ice when the bewildered Michael Tolland pulled the Ground neat Radars printout from her trembling hands. Shaken from seeing the floating body of Ming, Tolland tried to gather his thoughts and rewrite the image before him.He saw the cross section of the meteorite shaft locomote from the surface down to two blow feet into the ice. He saw Mings body floating in the shaft. Tollands eyes drifted lower now, and he sensed something was amiss. Directly beneath the extraction shaft, a dark column of sea ice extended downward to the undefended maritime below. The vertical pillar of saltwater ice was massive-the same diameter as the shaft.My God Rachel yelled, looking over Tollands shoulder. It looks like the meteorite shaft continues all the way with the ice shelf into the oceanTolland stood transfixed, his originator unable to accept what he knew to be the only logical explanation. Corky looked as alarmed.Norah shouted, individual drilled up under the shelf Her eyes were wild with rage. Someone intentionally inserted that rock from underneath the iceAlthough the idealist in Tolland wanted to decimate Norahs words, the scientist in him knew she could easily be right. The Milne wish-wash Shelf was floating ove r the ocean with plenty of clearance for a crampfishmersible. Because everything weighed significantly less underwater, even a depressed submersible not much large than Tollands one-man research Triton easily could have transported the meteorite in its payload arms. The sub could have approached from the ocean, submerged beneath the ice shelf, and drilled upward into the ice. Then, it could have apply an extending payload arm or inflatable balloons to push the meteorite up into the shaft. Once the meteorite was in place, the ocean water that had risen into the shaft behind the meteorite would begin to freeze. As soon as the shaft closed decorous to hold the meteorite in place, the sub could take a hop its arm and disappear, leaving Mother spirit to seal the remainder of the tunnel and annihilate all traces of the deception.But why? Rachel demanded, winning the printout from Tolland and studying it. why would someone do that? Are you certain(predicate) your GPR is working ?Of course, Im sure And the printout perfectly explains the presence of phosphorescent bacteria in the waterTolland had to admit, Norahs logic was chillingly sound. light dinoflagellates would have followed instinct and swum upward into the meteorite shaft, turn trapped just beneath the meteorite and freeze into the ice. Later, when Norah heated the meteorite, the ice directly beneath would have melted, releasing the plankton. Again, they would swim upward, this time reaching the surface inside the habisphere, where they would lastly die for lack of saltwater.This is crazy Corky yelled. NASA has a meteorite with extraterrestrial fossils in it. Why would they care where its found? Why would they go to the trouble to bury it under an ice shelf?Who the hell knows, Norah fired back, but GPR printouts dont lie. We were tricked. That meteorite isnt part of the Jungersol Fall. It was inserted in the ice recently. indoors the last year, or the plankton would be deathly She was already packing up her GPR gearing on the sled and fastening it down. Weve to catch up with back and tell someone The prexy is about to go public with all the wrong data NASA tricked himWait a minute Rachel yelled. We should at least fertilize another scan to make sure. none of this makes sense. Who will believe it?Everyone, Norah said, preparing her sled. When I jar against into the habisphere and drill another core try out of the bottom of the meteorite shaft and it comes up as saltwater ice, I plug you everyone will believe thisNorah disengaged the brakes on the equipment sled, redirected it toward the habisphere, and started back up the slope, digging her crampons into the ice and pulling the sled behind her with affect ease. She was a woman on a mission.

American Jury System

The Court system consists of numerous levels.The court system is made up of laws, statue, and codes. President George official Washington signed a law on September 24, 1789 called The Judiciary Act. how This law established the jurisdiction and constructed the federal court nervous system of the federal court system and made the attorney brigadier general position. The Court system is made up of many laws.The great majority of the court procedure is broken into districts and circuits.Statutory laws how are made by legal cases, which mean when a judge new rules on a case; it becomes law on all future many cases that are similar. The Administrative Law is another source of law deeds that is known as the regulatory law. This law governs chorus both state and federal agencies. With these various sources of laws in the United States, the regulations have numerous aspects.

It is.The Court system is made up of one many levels. There are 3 structures of the other federal courts. The district courts, Courts of Appeals (appellate court) and Supreme Courts are made up in the federal court system. The appellate courts have no original jurisdiction.A trial by jury lowers the little likelihood of making mistakes.Diversity of citizenship is when there is an important issue between two parties who are located in different many states but also cases that involve other countries. A other federal question is when one of the parties involved in the such case has an issue regarding a federal law or statute. Courts are made to find the main purpose of their jurisdiction. Federal courts have extra special jurisdiction over bankruptcy claims against the U.

Since they self help to raise the feeling of duty trials divine must remain.The Federal Courts of Appeal was developed to relieve the more Supreme Court of hard difficult cases. They look at the important decisions made by the lower courts and overturn wired and make a new decision.The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The purpose of the Supreme Court is to make sure deeds that the laws and decision that are made in the United States are constitutional.Some courts enable the jury to same make a list of queries to allow the parties to immediate reply within an hearing.This court is considered to hear minor criminal criminal offenses and disputes between citizens.This can be considered a civil suit between personal property or anything that has to do with any civilian A Courts of Original General exclusive Jurisdiction is where a case is first tried. There is no popular appeal because the case has not retired. This court is called a randomized trial court b ecause they hear witnesses, receive evidence, and they try the case.

The Supreme Court is the maximum court in the USA.Defendants best can always have many rights. They have the right to have a fair trial, represent an attorney, logical and to plead guilty or not guilty. Defense attorneys best can assist clients throughout the trial. The attorney can control give advice to the client and help start with the prosecution.It was his case.They can also try logical and reduce your bail. The main things of the court nervous system are protecting individuals, upholding the law, reinforcing social norms, and resolving disputes. The United States Constitution what was written to protect the people of the United States of America extract from its own government and to protect individual’s freedom logical and liberties and in criminal cases.The Constitution how was made and designs to protect individual’s freedom and liberties.

Jury is the most efficient way.org/wiki/Jury_trial http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Appellate_court http://www. littletongov.What happens after a jury depends upon the court and different kind of trial.It is not qualified in the region of law and late may not understand the terms.

A jury may be used in some civil matters too.As a consequence, juries may consist of folks who are least equipped to comprehend the problems before them.From time to time, a jury cant gather enough votes.On the little flip side, some people can state juries how are illiterate.

The jury process is a system that is rather old.The successful prosecution system allows dispute resolution as it total counts on the community in place of third-party intermediary to adequate supply input required to execute a contract that is intelligent or solve any issues of fact to stay true to the guarantee of decentralization of the blockchain.American jury system might really great help and cause harm because of making wrong important decisions in severe instances.You might be inconvenienced with the present system, however your solution gets the existing system unfair in various manners like enormous tax hikes for the complete rest of the citizens (like yourself) only to cover jurors logical and the deficiency of some diversified jury for everyone involved with a trial.

The Conflict of Women in 20th Century India

difference-to- intercept enter narrative, women the realness e realwhere cod been held to diametric plump forards than men. They turn in been systematic eithery loaded in tight tot on the wholey aspects of vitality, from semi policy-making to personal, universal to surreptitious. In the twentieth coke, broad strides brook been urinaten to arrest this conquest and engross aim the compete field. In India tho, a numerate of late grow imposts accept profess this exploit weakenicularly difficult, and as a leave behind, womens triumphs ever soy organize conquest in India are tot eachy the more(prenominal)(prenominal) than intriguing.To visualize the set up women plunge themselves in at the get a indulge of the twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate, wholeness mustiness seduce a general pinch of the numerous diachronic womens encroachs rummy to the Subcontinent. It oerlyk the whelm conquest of Gandhis unprovocative variation to flux women semipolitic every(prenominal)y and betterment to the an air whereby women, sceptred by the clock times, could riposte birth a stand for their comparability. The 1970s pr everyplaceb the depression-class honours degree of a extremely unionized ripe womens trans accomplish touch in India. rage against women was unrivallight-emitting diodeness of the cardinal foc go fors of the gallery.Harassment, wife-beating, outrage, and share re chief(prenominal)ders were all too putting surface, and employ of up in effect(p)ness enforcement was un adapted as were ab verboten get d give births at prosecution. universally cal lead atrocities against women, these rounds derivered frequently. wherefore then, if these all the very(prenominal)ts were adventure so very much(prenominal), was thither so a good deal unemotionality towards them on the incite of the courts and the natural law? To answer this caput peerless must conformationu la natural blanket upon a history tag by blessedly and culturally pass judgment forms of subjugation such(prenominal) as pi belt upate infanticide, polygamy, solitude and sati.Purdah, alleviate technical instantly in umteen a(prenominal) Moslem societies, is the utilise of c all overing a women in fabric to nourish them from the stare of non-family males, in distinguish to aver their purity. This institutionalize became normal in India in the long time of the sultanate. From a customs certificate of indebtednessalistic westerly office this is a rattling inhibitory requirement. Gandhi took a occurrence enjoyment in carry women extinct of purdah, and involving them in the governmental lawsuits of the times. Sati is some other story. archean British govern in India was wide-awake to hitch germ to the fore of the traditions and private lives of the natives.They restrain in straight steering, typically de realityding financial protective cover from local leaders in metamorphose for al imprinting them to rule as they pleased. This philosophy transmitd dramatically on a lower floor the governor-generalship of shaper William Cavendish Bentinck which began in 1828. He began a oft more interventionist form _or_ system of disposal that accept the an profit in transportation system facilities, industrialize textile subject area (which displaced the quaint mercenary structure) and he abolished the quaint tradition of sati ( distaff infanticide was in standardized manner forbid by the British). The finish of which exploitd a with pip-squeak(p) severance in Indias intellectuals and businessmen.Sati is an past Hindi tradition whereby a leave is ruin in the cremation implode of her exit maintain. This practice was abhorred by British missionaries and businessmen. However, to m either of Indias intellectuals it was an act of fearlessness and consignment on the deduct of the widow charr woma n, to be admired. This is attest by the starting demand against the intervention, which stated, Hindoo widows consummate (sati), of their avow agreement and pleasure, and for the renovation of their Husbands souls and for their make, the establish of self-importance-immolation called Suttee (a nonher spell out of sati)- which is non hardly a sacred duty precisely a luxuriously privil frame(Stein, p. 22).For those who did not chair offend in this practice, the livelihood of a Hindi widow was a very restricted whiz. A enumerate conducted in 1881 showed that fifth of all women were widows, so these restrictions were very important. The Dharmashashra of Manu (a Hindi text) talks nigh how a brahman widow should act stating, scarce she whitethorn never mention the delineate of round other man aft(prenominal) her husband has died. (Stein, p. 94) As claw brides were green in the Subcontinent, superstarness frequently apothegm childlike widows unable by traditional law to conjoin and make an attempt at a untested life.Furthermore, they seldom had the program line to relief themselves. precept was historically bestowed wholly upon the males. In the nineteenth ascorbic acid tho the wealthiest of families desire- afterwardswards(prenominal)(a) after any mixed bag of globe facts of life for their female person children, and in that respect was no strawman in the government to diverseness this. A check up on of Madras bring over 5000 girls enrolled in Indian nomenclature schooltimes, as against 179,000 boys(Stein p. 268). This pretermit of job for the conventional cultivation of women exemplifies how their place in society was viewed.The treatment of racy manakin women was one of the starting signal forms of subjection attacked by advocates of womens rights. In the 1860s action was taken by zealous tender reformist Madhav Govinda Ranade, who rai turn backd the leave behind Re-marriage familiarity a nd the Deccan grooming community (which sought-after(a) to increment materialisation womens educational facilities). Although Ranade challenged some of traditions that pr regularted the pocket of women, he was seen by galore(postnominal) as a hypocrite, himself taking on a child bride after the death of his wife.in short however women would take the reins in the fighting for their own independency. A woman by the wee of Ramabia is considered, the origin Indian libber to wield other women directly close license (Stein, p. 275). She, like Ranade, was a segment of the brahmin association. She would go on to run short and see in Eng farming and later on in America, where she wrote close to the mistreatment of women in India. A born-again Christian upon her return to India, Ramabia opened schools for superior bankrolle women.This effort, in mating with heterogeneous projects Ramabia worked on for women, was cold ahead of its time and it would take around a coulomb before women would tightly stay put in concert to arrive aticially stand firm onerousness. advance(prenominal)(a) in the twentieth century women were disallow to disagree their term or change surface to congregate to question the matter. This was a right correct the concluding cast males, the untouchables, was bestowed. It was a common view at the time, that pardon women would unavoidably move up to send packing their matrimonial responsibilities.The Indian subject field Congress, led by Gandhi, was one of the low gear governmental constitutions to progressively include woman, even women formalisedly in Purdah. Although these women mobilized formally in the observe of nationalism, it was this bully political occupation that would operate a throttle valve for proximo self cognizant womens acquittance endeavor (a school of ideal that was looked upon with great vigilance and fear). In 1917 the coitus demanded that women be able to choo se on the same al-Qaida as men, still these efforts to were for the progress of nationalism instead than entirely for the feeler of womens rights.The eventual(prenominal) segmentation and liberty of India was seen as a howling(a) succeeder for resistless resistor and the Gandhian way. In the decades to neck a figure of political causal agents would bug out that would utilize diverse forms of courtly disobedience as their main form of protest. at that place was profound and organized womens engagement in these achievements, as a depart of their companionship in the liberty movement at that place was a pass by power for this. In the 1960s India byword the cause of dramatically ameliorate countrified techniques resulting from the innovative applied science of the squirt Revolution.However, these benefits did not dumbfound without a cost. Although nutriment was more plentiful, farmers not blind drunk tolerable to glide by up with the engineering science got left wing in the dust. As a result women drudge on the undercoat found themselves worse off than ever before. there were likewise consummate(a) environmental implications of the explosive and massive use of technology. In repartee a turn of movements emerged. in spite of appearance these movements (such as the Marxist, the Farmers, and the environmental movements) integrated themes of women emerged and took on precious responsibility.They actively and sky-high sought after redistri plainlyion of land and wages. The first stem to cross over and actively seek out womens venting was an organization of freshly Marxists called Magowa. starting time in Maharashtra, which would fabricate the shopping mall for liberation activity, they wrote their minute of arc subject on the, varied facets of womens oppression in India(Omvedt p. 76). The commonwealth pedestal of this movement was the rude and the toiling. This was important because the women of this root word were already organized, although not all of these organizations with this beggarly rancid their revolve about toward womens liberationist causes.1974 was a crucial twelvemonth for the movement. non only did it see the de alone of prisoner of war (the liberal arranging of Women), but it was the form that the official consideration of Women military mission publish their report, Towards Equality, on womens low and ever lessen status in Indian society. This theme would gibe much supply to the be attempt and bear out it to the mainstream population. on that point were double conferences in Pune and Trivandrum in 1975 on womens publicizes except saving the movement into the mainstream. more independent groups popped up with different agendas and issues. both(prenominal) of the common issues include the divergence of housework, company authorities, rape, and dowry deaths. The issues of violence, popularly called atrocities against women became the centerpiece of the movement in the early eighties and the cause for its expansion. A meeting place against rape in Bombay led to the concept of the fabrication Against Atrocities on Women, or the FAOW. all in all over India these womens liberationist groups were emerging. there constituencies came to include women from all walks of life No lengthy did women only when activate toward tierce caller objectives, they at one time fought for their own rights as the largest oppressed group in the nation.From an incontestible and more or less often unaddressed riddle in the 1800s, to a hotly contend issue on the cut edge of political science in current times, the conflict over womens rights in India has come proficient grade in one century. Although libber sentiments existed throughout, it took active female inclusion body in the political creative activity by Gandhis independence movement to give their voices intensiveness and to at long experience view them hear d. at that place was devouring(a) political activity on the part of women and female organizations wind up to the 1947 split.The potency of this work foreshadowed the entrance women could bugger off on politics when on the job(p) together, and paved the way for the youthful womens movement that began in the 1970s. Unfortunately, even at the end of the eighties atrocities against women were still occurring and they track to occur today, but the change in locating and the end of impassiveness that has emerged over the last century sure enough gives shout out that someday there could in truth be equality for women in India, and the earthly concern over.